The Government Of Trinidad And Tobago - 958 Words

The Government of Trinidad and Tobago has decided to construct a new school at the beginning of the year 2016. This is due as the island is ranked sixty-fourth (64th) in the Global Education Index (United Nations Development Programme 2013) and there is a drive to increase the island’s global ranked by the Education Ministry of Trinidad and Tobago. As a result, they have authorized a formal report to determine potential sites that the school can be built on in which official bodies will investigate further. To accomplish this goal, applications of Geographic Information Systems were utilized to assess land suitability in Trinidad with several criteria provided by the Government along with relevant data sources. Several areas throughout the western coast of Trinidad with potential/ideal sites were discovered. Introduction According to the World Bank, the twin island’s population is 1.354 million in 2014 and is increasing by 0.3% per year. As a result of slow population increase there are several issues which would arise such as food security and environmental degradation. The Education sector of a country is important and plays a vital role in the development the general population. Investing in the island’s education system is essential for reducing inequality and poverty. Thus, the government of Trinidad and Tobago would like to expand the sector as education is a fundamental part in the development of its people. The government would like to develop aShow MoreRelatedSeparation of Power Plays an Important Role in the Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago1189 Words   |  5 PagesFrench jurist Montesquieu (1689- 1755), the legislative, executive and judiciary as separate branches exists in many countries. In Trinidad and Tobago these branches are defined as the Legislative in the form of Parliament, the Executive as the Government and the Judiciary as the courts. Reflected by chapter 4 part I of The Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Act 4 of 1976, composition of parliament states that the parliament must consist of the President, Senate and House of RepresentativesRead MorePolice Corruption Is Very Common All Over The World934 Words   |  4 PagesColombia, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Mexico and Cuba are prime example where social order is not maintained on a professional level. Social order is what the community and the government expect. In order words, what you do has to be considered normal to society and others. In this paper I will discuss the mission statement, goals, administration, problem and solution to corruption as well as the education and leadership types in Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad is the twin island of Tobago. They currentlyRead MoreMacro Economic Objective on the Health of the Economy of Trinidad and Tobago954 Words   |  4 Pagestitle: a macro economic analysis on the health of the economy of trinidad amp; tobago methodology employed: Data for the economy of Trinidad and Tobago was collected from the CSO (Central Statistical Office) Information was collected for the period (1995- 2005) in the areas of economic growth as represented by changes in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as well as GNP (Gross National Product), unemployment, inflation and the balance of payments. This data was then evaluated and analysedRead MorePolitics Of Trinidad And Tobago1511 Words   |  7 Pages Topic: Politics in Trinidad and Tobago The topic of politics in Trinidad and Tobago is one that need major concern at its present standing. Most inhabitants in this country (Trinidad and Tobago) are not familiar with how political debates are supposed to be orchestrated. Politicians are supposed to talk about the issues an ways to overcome them using hard work and determination not just saying â€Å"choose me and I will give you this† and â€Å"choose me and I will give u that†. They are supposed to stateRead MoreDeveloping Policies Of Trinidad And Tobago1674 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping policies of Trinidad and Tobago which embraces access to quality education. I found these document which supports our vision, the STRATEGIC PLAN OF THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, (MOE), (2002-2006). And MINISTRY OF EDU-CATION, EDUCATION POLICY PAPER (1993 - 2003). In the past Trinidad and Tobago has had equity and equality issues (UNESCO, 2003) these were the developing policy that embraces access to equality education for all. And in these documents the government is focusing on the educationRead MoreCourt Visit Report828 Words   |  4 PagesThe judiciary is an arm of government responsible for administering justice. 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This Oral interview was conducted on Saturday the 27th and 28th of September respectfully, at my church were both interviewees attendedRead MoreWhat Is Meant by Externalities? How Have Oil Companies in Trinidad and Tobago Employed Solutions to Externalities as Part of Their Corporate Social Responsibilities (Csr)?1124 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is meant by externalities? How have oil companies in Trinidad and Tobago employed solutions to externalities as part of their corporate social responsibilities (CSR)? Externalities exist when a third party bears costs or receives benefits arising from an economic transaction in which he or she is not a direct participant. This occurs when producers or consumers provide benefits to third parties or impose costs on third parties for which the market system does not enable them to receiveRead MoreMontesquieu s Doctrine Of The Separation Of Powers Essay2088 Words   |  9 PagesIdentify and discuss the structure and functions of the individual branches of government under the parliamentary system in Trinidad and Tobago that, when combined, is referred to as a fusion of power. c) Explain the structure and functions of the Judicial arm of government under the parliamentary system in Trinidad and Tobago and discuss why it is critical to maintain its independence from the other branches of government. Answers: Montesquieu’s Doctrine of Separation ofRead MoreFamily Life Cycle1558 Words   |  7 Pagesobserved especially within the labor market. In Trinidad and Tobago for instance we have strict labor laws, a child under the age of sixteen is not permitted by the laws of the land to seek employment. the child within this age group falls under Eriksons Adolescence development stage. To continue individuals who fall into Eriksons last stage (Senesce) and are above sixty five years old, are required by the law of the Trinidad and Tobago government to terminate employment. This is known as retirement

Reflection on The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost

Perhaps one of the most well-known poems in modern America is a work by Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken. This poem consists of four stanzas that depict the story of the narrator traveling through the woods early in the morning and coming upon a fork in the path, where he milled about for a while before deciding upon one of the two paths, wishing he could take both, but knowing otherwise, seeing himself telling of this experience in the future. Frost uses several literary devices in this brief account, such as imagery, personification, metaphor, and alliteration. Descriptions of â€Å"yellow wood,† depicting an autumn forest, and â€Å"no step [in the leaves being] trodden black,† indicating a fresh and natural recently untrodden environment, are†¦show more content†¦The theme of accepting a challenge, similar to exploration, is plausible because of the narrator’s desire to say that he took the less travelled path; this could mean that it was the path that was more dangerous or harder, since not many chose to take it. The first person perspective of the poem lends to identification with the reader; when one puts themselves in the place of the narrator, they can relate to all of the aforementioned themes. When I see this poem, I mainly see the theme of choices relating to my life. As creations of God with free will, we make choices every day of different weights and significances. We choose what we eat, we choose whether we eat. We choose to pursue different careers. We chose who we associate with. We choose right and we choose wrong. We can chose to accept the truth and we can choose to reject it. We can chose to life life the way that feels best physically or we can chose to live our lives for Christ; we can choose to take the easy way out and live however feels best or we can choose to make our lives mean something of eternal significance. I have chosen to commit my life to serving Christ to the best extent I can, leaning on Him for guidance and for my future. I have chosen to use the gifts that God has given to me to serve Him as best I can. I have chosen to pursueShow MoreRelated The Other Road in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pages The Other Road in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his celebrated poem The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost describes the decision one makes when reaching a fork in the road. Some interpret Frost as suggesting regret on the part of the traveler as to not choosing the path he forgoes, for in doing so he has lost something significant. Others believe he is grateful for the selection, as it has made him the man he is. The diverging roads are symbolic of the choices society is facedRead MoreJourney Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesjourney and the experiences you have are better than the actual destination. The novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain and the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost have taught me that journeys may involves barriers and hardships, they can lead to significant personal change and more importantly journeys facilitate reflection about how you see yourself, others and the world. Journeys are very important in personal change and growth. They can also hel p us in comparing and contrastingRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost: An Analysis811 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Introduction On the surface of it, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost presents a narrator who is remembering a journey through the woods, and the person making this journey came into a position where two roads were diverging. So the challenge presented in the poem is, which road should the narrator take, and why? Frost claimed that his poem was a parody of a poem by his friend, poet Edward Thomas, but others have had very different explanations for The Road NotRead MoreAn Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken1800 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Introduction Robert Frost is one of the best known poets in American history, and his poem, The Road Not Taken is among the most well-known of all his poems. Frost places a great deal of emphasis on nature in his writing, as he was a lover of the countryside. He based many of his poems on the New England scenery, which was his home for most of his life. I chose this particular poem because I have enjoyed the readings we have done so far of his work and The RoadRead MoreWilliam Stafford â€Å"Traveling Through the Dark† Robert Frost â€Å"the Road Not Taken†1432 Words   |  6 PagesIsmael Gonzalez Professor Edwards February 24, 2013 William Stafford â€Å"Traveling Through the Dark† amp; Robert Frost â€Å"The Road Not Taken† In Robert Frost â€Å"The Road Not Taken† we can see how many different aspects of life decision making comes in the form of symbolisms. â€Å"Two roads diverge in a yellow wood. And sorry I couldn’t not travel both† This showing use how unwilling the character is of not making a right decision, this is centered on how life can come with certain choices one must makeRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Roads, Two Choices, One Decision â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† written by Robert Frost, discusses a traveler who has to make a choice between two roads. In the first stanza, the traveler remembers standing at an intersection of two roads. Indecisive about which road to take, he seems to believe that one of the roads would be more beneficial to him (Lee 5). In stanza two, the narrator refers to the traveler’s unexpected decision to take the other road by giving details of it. In addition, the narratorRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1026 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† describes a person having a hard time choosing what path to take. Robert Frost elicits the central idea, theme, meaning, and how the speaker came to his decision by the use of metaphors describing the want for his readers to think through the hard decisions in life. One decision in life can make you or break you. It is all on how a person approaches the situation. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, Frost introduces the metaphor of two diverging roads. He is depictingRead MoreFinally In To Kill A Mockingbird, The Issue Of Coming Of1161 Words   |  5 Pagesright when things went wrong† (Lee 298). In the poem, A Road Not Taken, coming of age is part of the story in many different areas. One example would be where the traveler comes to fork in the road and has to make a decision to either take the path that everyone takes or the one that is barely used. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— /I took the one less traveled by,/ and that has made all the difference† (Frost). In his mind, Frost begins thinking of the pros and cons of each path. The oneRead MoreComparing The Lesson and The Road Not Taken1190 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals. One of the main aims of the paper is to compare and contrast two characters from selected short stories. The first character is Sylvia from The Lesson written by Toni Cade Bambara and the Narrator from the poem written by Robert Frost The Road Not Taken. The reason to compare Sylvia and The Narrator is to compare the choices made by an individual. The Lesson is a short story about a family of African American children. The children are cousins to each other, living in a low classRead MoreThe Poetry of Robert Frost Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost has long been recognised as one of America’s greatest poets. Each poem begins with a straightforward description of a place or situation and then gently moves towards commentary and reflection on human life. There are life lessons to be learned in every poem which appeal to the reader both intellectually and emotionally. Frost deals with various aspects of human life throughout his poetry, such as; childhood, relationships, death, decision making, depression etc. Frost expresses these

Raphael Lemkin Free Essays

The Raphael Lemkin Award of the Institute for the Study of Genocide honors a pioneer in social justice. Raphael Lemkin, an attorney descended from Polish Jews, lived from 1900-1959 through two world wars and the Great Depression. Born in Imperial Russia before the October Revolution, he saw his related ethnic groups suffer atrocities in the early 20th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Raphael Lemkin or any similar topic only for you Order Now This added later to his interest in the larger problem of genocide, a word he created from genos (Greek: race) and –cide (Latin: killing). During his graduate law education, he focused on the 1915 Armenian Genocide (ch. 1) of WWI and advocated its abolition in the League of Nations. He took on the case of Soghomon Tehlirian, assassin of a former Turkish Minister of the Interior as revenge for his role in the Armenian Genocide. Lemkin moved on to champion victims of the 1933 massacre of Christian Assyrians by Iraqis and then advocated for the minorities targeted by Nazis in Europe (ch. 2), especially Jews and the Poles. Joining the Polish Army, he himself lost 49 relatives in the Holocaust. His studies and his life experiences drove him on. It was difficult to convince America, other Allies, and the world that a Holocaust was actually occurring (ch. 3), partly due to anti-Semitism in many regions. Additionally, major nations were concentrating to fight back the Nazis and the Japanese in two theaters, with little notice at first of the plight of the Jews and the ghetto Poles. Knowing that this was all fact, Lemkin campaigned to educate the world about mass murder by naming it genocide and giving it the darkest personality. In 1944, he published Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, with his definition of this atrocity and continued to advocate his case against it publically. He spoke and wrote documents calling for the world to outlaw it through the United Nations. Humans’ committing same-species mass murder and psychological abuse against minority and ethnic groups was unnatural, twisted, and immoral. In light of his advocacy, he changed teaching and advising positions under political pressure to stop stirring up dissension, finally moving to USA in 1941. After his 1944 publication, he was able to become advisor to the US Supreme Court in the Nuremburg trials in which genocide was tried for two years. American policymakers did not wish to speak out against genocide or have responsibility for leading a movement against it. A large-scale military strike would — and did — cost many lives, dollars, and criticisms. It required a national commitment to Jews long-term and the related criticism. Lemkin continually spoke about genocide, finally bringing about the 1948 U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948 (ch. 4), in the same year that Israel became a nation. Unfortunately, Lemkin’s last years suffered much opposition from policymakers who did not want to continue efforts against genocide. However, Senator William Proxmire and President Ronald Reagan provided additional impetus some time later for the successful ratification of Lemkin’s Genocide Convention (ch. 5). Lemkin had been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, awarded other honors, and accomplished much. Thus, he likely believed that justice would finally win out over genocide in the second half of the 20th century, spurred on by the foundation of his accumulated actions and their results. References Power, Samantha. A Problem from Hell†: America and the Age of Genocide. Chapters 1-5 (17-78). How to cite Raphael Lemkin, Essay examples

Economics Financial Crisis

Question: Discuss about theEconomicsfor Financial Crisis. Answer: Introduction The paper mostly focuses on describing the major causes that led to global financial crisis, which urbanized in the United States in the year 2007-2008. This essay, by disparity is an effort to comprehend the major cases of the GFC. Between the year 1996 and 2004, there was noteworthy decline in the long-term rates of interest in the US. This was related with a high as well as increasing current account deficit (Erkens, Hung and Matos 2012). The US as a result, had to make use of huge sums of money from overseas, mostly from China as well as the other oil producing countries in order to fund the deficit. As a result, the long-term rates of interest were lowered due to huge inflow of capital and it was re-loaned by US financial establishments to homebuyers as well as economic investors (Treeck 2014). Body Research Question Will the US financial crisis lead to end of the US? How does the price of gold influence the health of an economy? Literature Review As opined by Thornton et al. (2015), the large investment banks of the US increased their asset-to-equity ratios from 23 in the year 2004 to 30 by the year 2007. In other words, for each one dollar of justice or capital the banks had twenty-three to thirty dollars in resources financed by lending. Due to the large increase in the price of gold that broke its record for the highest rise in a one-day period, Morgan Stanley and one of the last two US asset banks left standing. Morgan Stanley and Bear Stearns had attained asset-to-equity ratios of thirty-three to one. The commercial banks were also hazardously leveraged however; it was not apparent as they kept a huge amount of their proceeds, off their balance sheets. At that same time, lending became costless as mortgages as well as commercial loans were being bundled up and sold on to other shareholders. As a result, Goldman Sachs and the Morgan Stanley are the only gigantic left standing. According to the Marxist economists, the major cause that led to stagflation in the US economy was a noteworthy fall in the overall rate of profit. The rate of profit in the US declined by almost 50 percent from around 12 percent (Yamamoto 2014). The major fundamental causes of the US financial crisis were the broad as well as increasing inequalities of income and prosperity between households in the US society. Industrial capitalism was supported by only 42 percent of the total population and the number was mostly higher among the group of older individuals. Internationally, free market capitalism is coming under fire as countries across Europe questions the merits of the US (Kilian and Hicks 2013). The US financial crisis, lowered business expenditure as well as employment and economic growth. The price of gold mostly reveals the true state of US financial health. If the price of gold increases, it indicates that the economy is not healthy. Investors mostly purchase gold as it acts as a security against both economic crisis as well as inflation. However, on the other hand the low price of gold indicates that the economy is healthy. The prices of gold are mostly influenced by the laws of both demand and supply (Karanikolos et al. 2013). Quantitative Approach According to the data from the World Bank Group, the US financial crisis mostly increased due to increase in lending to the crisis-hit developing countries. The overall lending is likely to increase from US$13.5 billion to more than US$35 billion. Since the year 2009, programs related to loan modification have helped thousands of borrowers to remain in their homes. Year Inflation Gold Price 1977 560 300 1987 450 500 1997 500 430 2007 800 520 2017 1600 1500 Between the years, 1979-2007, real output per hour raised by 1.91 percent while the real average hourly earnings of non-supervisory employees declined by 0.04 percent. In the year 2008, the price of gold increased by 2.6 percent however; the PPI for gold decreased by 12.8 percent as the US was delayed in the monetary as well as fiscal crisis of the Great Recession. The unexpected moves by the US Federal Reserve to instill liquidity into the economy helped subordinate the value of the dollar. The prices of gold jumped by 50.6 percent during the year 2011. This was mostly due to assumption surrounding an irregular recovery as well instability in the US financial market. The increase in the price of gold slowed down during the year 2012. In the year 2012, there was a 5.4 percent increase that led to smallest annual profit. During the same year, the Producer Price Index (PPI) for completed goods advanced 1.3 percent. The downward shift of prices for intermediate energy commodities led to deceleration in prices for transitional goods (Domhoff 2013). The types of incidents that are associated with the US financial crisis include isolated incidents or just economic noise. The indents are mostly related to the incidence of a financial crisis. The US financial crisis, led to worldwide depression that also led to lack of global coordination. This is mostly due to the fact that most governments as well as economic institution that turned inwards (Peters et al. 2012). Recommendation It is highly recommended that there should be a better coordination between agencies as well as stronger collection of data and augmented regulation on insurance firms and non-bank financial services. The Federal Reserve also requires doing rulemaking that will help to lower the financial crisis. The price of gold should also be lowered so that the US capitalism does not get shattered. Conclusion It can be concluded that the US borrowed huge sums of money from overseas, mostly from China as well as the other oil producing countries in order to fund the deficit. It can be also be concluded that regulatory backbones matter as far as financial crisis is concerned. Morgan Stanley and Bear Stearns had attained asset-to-equity ratios of thirty-three to one. It has been found that chief cause that led to stagflation in the US economy was a noteworthy fall in the overall rate of profit. References Domhoff, G.W., 2013.Finding meaning in dreams: A quantitative approach. Springer Science Business Media. Erkens, D.H., Hung, M. and Matos, P., 2012. Corporate governance in the 20072008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide.Journal of Corporate Finance,18(2), pp.389-411. Karanikolos, M., Mladovsky, P., Cylus, J., Thomson, S., Basu, S., Stuckler, D., Mackenbach, J.P. and McKee, M., 2013. Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe.The Lancet,381(9874), pp.1323-1331. Kilian, L. and Hicks, B., 2013. Did unexpectedly strong economic growth cause the oil price shock of 20032008?.Journal of Forecasting,32(5), pp.385-394. Stowell, D., 2012.Investment banks, hedge funds, and private equity. Academic Press. Thornton, J., Glasgow, S.M., Hamza, H.R. and Ismael, I.M., 2015. Bear Stearns: A Financial Analysis of the First Domino To Fall. Treeck, T., 2014. Did inequality cause the US financial crisis?.Journal of Economic Surveys,28(3), pp.421-448. Peters, G.P., Marland, G., Le Qur, C., Boden, T., Canadell, J.G. and Raupach, M.R., 2012. Rapid growth in CO2 emissions after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis.Nature Climate Change,2(1), pp.2-4. Yamamoto, S., 2014. Transmission of US financial and trade shocks to Asian economies: Implications for spillover of the 20072009 US financial crisis.The North American Journal of Economics and Finance,27, pp.88-103.

A New Nation essays

A New Nation essays Starting things off, Lipset seems to be a very articulate man. His views on this beautiful country are exactly down to earth. Lipset began talking about how this country is the best in some areas but how we lack our supremacy in other areas. For instance I will express crime rate and military power. In Lipsets passage he stated that the crime rate in the United States is well above all other nations, but the American military is the strongest in the world. That is not a contradiction but only a mere example. Now with being the strongest military power in the world many smaller and third world countries tend to look up to us. That statement is easily represented by the fact that we are a city on a hill. This nation might be on top is some aspects of the game but there is a few things that weigh us down. We won both world wars, set peace in the Middle East, and maintained our economic prowess. But are our greatest years starting to fall behind us? According to Lipset we are starting to distrust our leaders and have slim confidence in our institutions. That does not mean that everything is going south but what it really means is that we need to get in gear and do something about these situations. Not only are the Americans aware of this but so are other nations in the world. Japan knows our educational average is below standard. Germany knows that our some of our citizens hate our democracy. So once again the eyes of many are upon this huge city on top of a steep hill. Lipset then proceeded to talk about how a lot of our fine nations essays were written under the direction of foreign pens. The only way that is possible is by comparing a culture that one is well established with to a culture that he is not that aware of. Most foreign travelers wrote about how exceptional this place is. Lipsets words say; "e ...

Biography of William Morris, Arts and Crafts Pioneer

Biography of William Morris, Arts and Crafts Pioneer William Morris (March 24, 1834–Oct. 3, 1896) was an artist, designer, poet, craftsman, and political writer who had a major impact on the fashions and ideologies of Victorian Britain and the English Arts and Crafts Movement. He also had a profound influence on building design, but hes better known today for his textile designs, which have been repurposed as wallpaper and wrapping paper. Fast Facts: William Morris Known For: Leader of Arts and Crafts MovementBorn: March 24, 1834 in Walthamstow, EnglandParents: William Morris Sr., Emma Shelton MorrisDied: Oct. 3, 1896 in Hammersmith, EnglandEducation: Marlborough and Exeter collegesPublished Works: The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems, The Life and Death of Jason, The Earthly ParadiseSpouse: Jane Burden MorrisChildren: Jenny Morris, May MorrisNotable Quote: If you want a golden rule that will fit everything, this is it: Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful. Early Life William Morris was born on March 24, 1834, in Walthamstow, England. He was the third child of William Morris Sr. and Emma Shelton Morris, though his two older siblings died in infancy, leaving him the eldest. Eight survived into adulthood. William Sr. was a successful senior partner at brokers firm. He enjoyed an idyllic childhood in the countryside, playing with his siblings, reading books, writing, and showing an early interest in nature and storytelling.  His love of the natural world would have a growing influence on his later work. At an early age he was attracted to all the trappings of the medieval period. At 4 he began reading Sir Walter Scotts  Waverley  novels, which he finished by the time he was 9. His father gave him a pony and a miniature suit of armor and, dressed as a tiny knight, he went off on long quests into the nearby forest. College Morris attended Marlborough and Exeter colleges, where he met painter Edward Burne-Jones and poet Dante Gabriel Rossetti, forming a group known as the Brotherhood, or the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. They shared a love of poetry, the Middle Ages, and Gothic architecture, and they read the works of philosopher John Ruskin. They also developed an interest in the Gothic Revival architectural style. This wasnt entirely an academic or social brotherhood; they were inspired by Ruskins writings. The Industrial Revolution that began in Britain had turned the country into something unrecognizable to the young men. Ruskin wrote about societys ills in books such as The Seven Lamps of Architecture and The Stones of Venice. The group discussed Ruskins themes about the impacts of industrialization: how machines dehumanize, how industrialization ruins the environment, and how mass production creates shoddy, unnatural objects. The group believed that the artistry and honesty in handcrafted materials were missing in British machine-made goods. They longed for an earlier time. Painting Visits to the continent spent touring cathedrals and museums solidified Morris love of medieval art. Rossetti persuaded him to give up architecture for painting, and they joined a band of friends decorating the walls of the Oxford Union with scenes from the  Arthurian legend  based on  Le Morte dArthur  by 15th century English writer  Sir Thomas Malory. Morris also wrote much poetry during this time. For a painting of Guinevere, he used as his model Jane Burden, the daughter of an Oxford groom. They married in 1859. Architecture and Design After receiving his degree in 1856, Morris took a job in the Oxford office of G.E. Street, a Gothic Revivalist architect. That year he financed the first 12 monthly issues of  The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, where a number of his poems were printed. Two years later, many of these poems were reprinted in his first published work  The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems. Morris commissioned Philip Webb, an architect he had met in Street’s office, to build a home for him and his wife. It was called the  Red House because it was to be built of red brick instead of the more fashionable stucco. They lived there from 1860 to 1865. The house, a grand yet simple structure, exemplified the Arts and Crafts philosophy inside and out, with craftsman-like workmanship and traditional, unornamented design. Other notable interiors by Morris include the 1866 Armoury and Tapestry Room at St. James Palace and the 1867 Green Dining Room at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Fine Art Workmen As Morris and his friends were furnishing and decorating the house, they decided to start an association of â€Å"fine art workmen,† which in April 1861 became the firm of  Morris, Marshall, Faulkner Co. Other members of the firm were painter  Ford Madox Brown, Rossetti, Webb, and Burne-Jones. The group of like-minded artists and craftsmen responding to the shoddy practices of Victorian manufacturing became highly fashionable and much in demand, profoundly influencing interior decoration throughout the Victorian period. At the International Exhibition of 1862, the group exhibited stained glass, furniture, and embroideries, leading to commissions to decorate several new churches. The pinnacle  of the firm’s decorative work was a series of stained-glass windows designed by Burne-Jones for Jesus College Chapel, Cambridge, with the ceiling painted by Morris and Webb. Morris designed many other windows, for domestic and  ecclesiastical  use, as well as tapestries, wallpaper, fabrics, and furniture. Other Pursuits He hadnt given up on poetry. Morris first fame as a poet came with the romantic narrative  The Life and Death of Jason  (1867), followed by  The Earthly Paradise  (1868-1870), a series of narrative poems based on classical and medieval sources. In 1875, Morris assumed total control of the fine art workmen company, which was renamed Morris Co. It remained in business until 1940, its longevity a testament to the success of Morris’ designs. By 1877, Morris and Webb had also established the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB), a historic preservation organization. Morris explained its purposes in the SPAB Manifesto: to put Protection in the place of Restoration...to treat our ancient buildings as monuments of a bygone art. One of the most exquisite tapestries produced by Morris company was The Woodpecker, designed entirely by Morris. The tapestry, woven by William Knight and William Sleath, was shown at the Arts and Crafts Society Exhibition in 1888. Other patterns by Morris include Tulip and Willow Pattern, 1873, and Acanthus Pattern, 1879–81. Later in his life, Morris poured his energies into political writing. He was initially against the aggressive foreign policy of Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, supporting Liberal Party leader William Gladstone. However, Morris became disillusioned after the 1880 election. He began writing for the Socialist Party and participated in socialist demonstrations. Death Morris and his wife were happiest together during the first 10 years of their marriage, but since a divorce was inconceivable at the time, they lived together until his death. Exhausted by his many activities, Morris bean to feel his energy waning. A voyage to Norway in the summer of 1896 failed to revive him, and he died shortly after returning home, in Hammersmith, England, on Oct. 3, 1896. He was buried under a simple gravestone designed by Webb. Legacy Morris is now regarded as a modern visionary thinker, though he turned from what he called â€Å"the dull squalor of civilization† to historical romance,  myth, and epic. Following Ruskin, Morris defined beauty in art as the result of man’s pleasure in his work. To Morris, art included the whole man-made  environment. In his own time he  was best known as the author of  The Earthly Paradise  and for his designs for wallpapers, textiles, and carpets. Since the mid-20th century, Morris has been celebrated as a designer and craftsman. Future generations may esteem him more as a social and moral critic, a pioneer of the society of equality. Sources Morris, William. The Collected Works of William Morris: Volume 5. The Earthly Paradise: a Poem (Part 3). Paperback, Adamant Media Corporation, November 28, 2000.Morris, William. The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems. Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, May 11, 2012.Ruskin, John. The Seven Lamps of Architecture. Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, April 18, 2011.Ruskin, John. The Stones of Venice. J. G. Links, Kindle Edition, Neeland Media LLC, July 1, 2004.William Morris: British Artist and Author. Encyclopedia Britannica.William Morris Biography. Thefamouspeople.com.About William Morris.The William Morris Society.William Morris: A Brief Biography. Victorianweb.org.

Phase 5 Individual Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Phase 5 Individual Project - Assignment Example Analyzed from a business perspective, globalization refers to the process in which domestic companies seek international markets to expand their operations (Intriligator, 2003). According to Michael (2003), globalization of a company is a powerful trend in the current global competitive market and is one of the major factors that influence the future growth of a company. Globalization of the world economy has made the world become a global village where anyone can get whatever he wants from any part of the world. Today a company’s employees, competitors and customers can come from any part of the globe. In addition to increasing the market, globalization has led to the development of many companies both local and multinationals and invention of new products, this has made the market to be very competitive and a number of companies find it hard to survive (Collier & Dollar, 2002). The following discussion will present the importance of globalization, expected challenges and exp lain why the company should go global. 2.0 Globalization of company’s operations Globalization of the world economy has increased both bilateral and international trade thereby opening up many countries for companies to venture into. Many companies such as our competitors have expanded their operations to overseas markets and have reported significant success in those markets. Before venturing into new markets especially foreign, it is important to have a perfect strategy that will help the company take over the market with ease. With our global market strategy in place, the company can adopt both cost leadership and product differentiation in order to properly position its products well in the market. Cost leadership strategy is the one being applied by our competitors and they have reported good performance with it (Britt, 2007). Over the last two decades, companies all over the world have gone global a move that is threatening the survival of the local companies. This has made it hard for these companies (local) to expand their operations and even some lose their market share. This is clearly evidenced in the company’s analysis report that reported a decrease in the company’s sales volume as a result of the move taken by competitors who have already ventured into foreign markets. In order to compete fiercely and regain its market share, the company has to outdo its competitors which mean engaging in aggressive expansion and marketing programs which will lead to the growth of the company. According to Mike Myatt, Chief Strategy Officer of N2growth, he states that the ability to do business in international market is an important necessity if one is to remain competitive in the current market. Operating a business in the international market is both a defensive and offensive play. Comparing the international market and the domestic market, it is with no doubt that international market is wide and majority of potential customers are living abroad (Myatt, 2009). Considering the move taken by our competitors and the success they have recorded in foreign markets and the dwindling sales in the local market, it is paramount for the organization to go global. 3.0 Rationale for globalization Globalizing a company’s operations in the current competitive environment is one of

Databases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Databases - Essay Example The construction of a relational database is built around the concepts of relations. This theory include relational algebra (which is a set of mathematical operators which operate on relations and produce relation results), relation variables, and relational comparison operators. A database suitability of a given kind of database, either object oriented or relational databases, depends on the requirements of the user. The anatomy of a relation consist of the body, which is the cardinality of the relation, attribute name and attribute values (Halpin & Morgan, 2010). The number of attributes is referred to as the degree of the relation, while the number of tuples is the cardinality. On the other hand, a set of attributes is the heading of the relation, and the set of tuples is the body of the relation. To manage a database and provide access to them, a database management system is used. Database management system is predominantly used in accepting commands provided by application prog rams and executing them on behalf of the user (Ritchie, 2002). This commands are written in database language of the database management system like SQL. Some of the responses include messages, results of queries, and completion of codes. Database management system normally operate as servers in order to support a wide variety of concurrent users. Application programs which run as clients for the set servers are its immediate users. These clients run on behalf of the end users. In transmission of this commands, communication protocol is required and also responses between servers and clients. When a client needs to submit information to the server, a connection must first be established between the client and the servers. This initiates a session. This session typically lasts until it’s terminated on an explicit request by the client. Relational databases have a wide range of application. Thus, this implies its importance in computing and data warehousing. Relational database s are important in disaster recovery planning. This is due to several reasons which are highlighted below; 1. Relational databases have an ease of maintenance. Once a backup plan is developed using its maintenance is of great importance. Systems developed with relational databases are easy to maintain. This is due to the fact that once a simple entry is edited, the whole database is updated (Ritchie, 2002). Also, data from other sources can be easily be incorporated into the existing database. This is simply by importing the data using the import function into the current database. This is instantaneous and the imported data is automatically updated into the database. This makes the database maintenance easy since new information is added with easy. 2. Relational databases have ease of access. This is the most important factor during planning, developing maintaining, testing and the actual process of recovery. The interrelationship that characterizes relational database systems make s the recovery availability online easy and instantaneous. In the case in which the database relationship has been established sensibly, important information can be reached from any terminal which has accessibility to the mainframe. This is if and only if the system is operational. Apart from assisting in disaster preparedness, relational database are needed since there use ensures that there are minimal; duplication of data in a given relational databa

Memo 1 about health policy analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Memo 1 about health policy analyses - Essay Example Expansion of a weight loss program constituting of obese adults would aid in saving Medicare expenditure. The lifestyle intervention program had the capacity to generate weight loss and the initial phase of this program involved random global clinical trials. The trials demonstrated the ability of this program in generating weight loss and preventing the development of prediabetes to diabetes (Thorpe & Yang, 2011). The participants of this program were obese adults and the immediate goal was to attain and maintain a seven percent weight loss of an individual. Moreover, the program was inclusive of exercise and behavioral alterations that lasted for six month and proved to be the most effective approach in weight loss. It led to an average of seven percent weight loss among the participants, which also persisted after a follow up of three years. In addition, it minimized the occurrence of diabetes among the participants aged twenty-five and above by a margin of fifty eight percent (Thorpe & Yang, 2011). Moreover, it reduced diabetes by seventy percent to the participants aged sixty and a bove. The community-based program had the same goal of attaining a seven percent weight loss and inclusive of a curriculum developed to accomplish diet, exercise, and behavioral alterations (Thorpe & Yang, 2011). This program generate reductions comparable to those achieve in the lifestyle program. It achieved a six percent weight loss after six months. This program was advantageous because it involved low administration costs. The low costs of the program generated a decrease in health care expenditure over a period of two years. The health law has prompted the existence of a body responsible for funding these programs. Moreover, this law has enabled identification of approaches aimed at improving the worth of health care, and minimizing costs. The lifestyle intervention and community based programs have demonstrated their

Does The Modernization Theories Mean Westernization Politics Essay

Does The Modernization Theories Mean Westernization Politics Essay The battle between the east and the west still continues as each try to preserve its culture and assert its powers. Just as the fight to be superpowers continues, the west and east continue to outdo each other in other aspects. The concept of modernization means an evolution from traditional society practices to modern social status  [1]  . Modernization has brought about transformation of societies which has been experienced since time in history. The term modernization however, has been mistakably been taken to mean the adoption of policies that favor other societies. The changes have been witnessed in the political, economic production and social systems. In addition, it has also been reflected in the way of thinking and behavior of the people  [2]  . In the twentieth century many transformations continues to change especially the most controversial issue of culture. Societies have remained attached to their practices and beliefs and any attempt to change them. This has remained a contentious issue when the east is approached to adopt policies from the west  [3]  . They view this as colonization from the west which is blocked in every possible way. This paper tackles the question: Does modernization mean Westernization? It seeks to find out whether there are ways of becoming modern that are informed by different civilization logic. In answering this question it visits the issue of modernization in China in the twentieth century. Civilization brings about modernization; and civilization has historic start in Europe. The different civilizations such as the one rising from Tigris-Euphrates and Nile river valleys contributed a lot to the modern man  [4]  . The Middle East in the 4000 B.C.E. also experienced civilization revolutions through agrarian revolutions  [5]  . Technological innovations also characterized this period which contributed to better economic, political and social development. Consequently the changes contributed to the present day modernization. The Chinese Situation In China, modernization came into light during the new culture movement. In this period other terms were associated with modernization; they include westernization, electrification, mechanization, fashionable, and modern  [6]  . Nevertheless, it was until the 1950s and 60s that the concept of modernization became accepted and used. During this period two western centric ideas were accepted which were; the impact à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ response approach and the tradition à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ modernity approach that contributed to the Chinese transformation. The tradition à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ modernity approach had a direct influence to the modernization which was more known in the American society  [7]  . Modernization had two practical purposes in the 1950s and 60s; they include to analyse the academic program so as to bring to an end to communism and secondly to give third world nations with a plan to achieve development of a stable, free and content world through the use of science, rationality, enlightenment, capitalist democracy and capitalistic free market  [8]  . The modernization was characterized in the 1950s and 60s by the split in the development in the modern and tradition period. The traditional period was described as stagnant and static while the modern period was described as rational, fast moving and dynamic. For that reason, modernization was viewed as the elimination of tradition  [9]  . In those who supported modernization they saw China as incapable of transforming itself to be modern; it required an external shock which should be strong enough to initiate a modern revolution; the west had the chance to provide the enlightenment required for the transformation; and the effects of modernization in China would be to copy the west which was regarded as modern  [10]  . Modernization Modernization can be traced to the historical development in Europe, since the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries there were major transformational changes. They included renaissance, scientific revolution, the age of great discovery, agrarian and industrial revolution, and enlightenment. In order to be modernized there are two preconditions involved; they are secularization and innovation  [11]  . In secularization, man is required to have human value that means the satisfaction of practical needs and not accepting idealistic ideas. In adopting secularization man has stronger sense of reality, rationality, and active in social matters. Innovation on the other hand, requires casting away traditional ideologies  [12]  . In real meaning, modernization moves man from a spiritual or god centered society to a man centered one  [13]  . It turns out to be rational and scientific. Modernization also brings the issue of enlightenment which brings about a political and social rearrangement that is based on rationality, science and development. For example, the capitalistic system, a liberal democratic system and sovereignty need to be involved. Modernization means industrialization that is built on science and technological revolutions. Science makes man understand the world while technology gives the tools to have a better world. This means that the quality of life is improved contributing to a modern society  [14]  . Western form of modernization is measured with mechanization regarding to production modes, urbanization, mass participation in public issues, affirmative action, education popularization, expansion of infrastructure i.e. transport and communication, bureaucracy and international relationships enhancement  [15]  . In this view modernization is gauged with the amenities and provisions in the country. For modern transformation the country must therefore undergo economic, political, and cultural transformation. Economically, the country needs to transform from traditional agriculture practices to modern industrial practices  [16]  . Politically, the country must move from dictatorial and feudal autocratic practices to free and fair democratic society. Culturally, the society needs to move from uncivilized groups into conscious individualism so as to have independence. The democratic view of modernization is the ability to restrict power by use of law, having multi-party rule, having security forces to protect the state, democratic elections, accountability of the government, decentralizing the functions and having participants of the people  [17]  . The traditional Chinese culture had entrenched three bonds which were (between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife), and five relationships between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, and friends  [18]  . The society had focus on family, male domination, patriarchy, agriculture and household industry. Changing this would need great and strong force of modernization. Does modernization mean Westernization? Separating modernization from westernization is the issue that lies in the mind; whichever side of the debate one is then he or she can give contradicting statements to prove a point. Many will debate on the loss of culture and the imitation of the western culture as modernization while others will base their argument on the adoption of democracy and a free society  [19]  . The modern societies have a great deal of common aspects however they never merge into homogeneity. Some have the assumption that the modern civilization is the same as the western civilization and consequently western civilizations is the same as modern civilization. This conversely, is not true. This is due to the fact that the western has always been even before modernization  [20]  . The western culture has been seen to be based on philosophy and rationalism of the Greek, the law of the Romans, natural law, the Latin language the rift between Catholics and Protestants and social pluralism  [21]  . The cultures of the west have not been well accepted in the east in areas like China, Russia, and the Middle East, where centralized bureaucracy and absolutism exists  [22]  . To the east the adoption of such culture and values would be colonization and modern day slavery. The social and political values depicted as western civilization are therefore rebelled against. The values view as western modernization include liberty, individualism, equality, free markets, capitalism, constitutionalism, separation of the church and state, the rule of law, human rights and democracy  [23]  . This creates a democracy paradox; where the Islamic world and the east in general oppose westernization. The question at hand (i.e. Does modernization mean Westernization?) will help to separate modernization from westernization. Depending on which perspective it is either west or east the argument may last forever but to draw a line and separate the real ideologies can help solve the dilemma of whether the glass is half full or half empty. Can one modernize without being western? As the time passes on the differences between the cultures become less and less; the gap therefore closes. But in the modern society many may resist this change seeing it as colonization. Nevertheless, change is inevitable and as technological and industrial revolutions are adopted the enlightenment period get closer with people demanding their rights  [24]  . This means that the society will crave for change. However the adoption does not mean a complete merger of the cultures to one global culture. There will always be real and significant differences in the modernization. For example, the democracy, communism, and fascism were modern political systems and since democracy has been adopted by the west does not mean it is westernization  [25]  . There is therefore need to differentiate the western influence from the modernization in the west. Though modernization may seen by the east as aping the west; the critical part is the difference between the two areas. There are still differences even after modernization since the family values; the social obligations and the meaning of life remain different from the west. Their cultures have the various differences which are always unique to the areas and the people practicing them. This brings the cultural identity which is always maintained even after modernization. Modernization and westernization Societies have defied all odds to modernize despite the negative notion brought by those who oppose change. Westernizing and modernizing have already been differentiated by a clear line. While modernizing is the adoption of technology and industrial revolutions; westernization on the other hand is the adoption of the western culture and ideas. Therefore for those who modernize does not have to adopt the western cultures  [26]  . They just need to maintain their own culture but retain the ideologies of the modern world. The revolutionizing of people and societies is normally seen as the western culture where governments in the east want to retain the status quo and remain dictatorial  [27]  . For modernization to take place there must be minimum requirements which include; industrialization, urbanization, occupational social structures that are complex and diverse, rational, effective and efficient economic groups, revolutionary decisions, education of the masses, efficient communication systems, centralization and global economic participation. Above all there must be social and political will; which might incorporate western values such as liberty, human rights, constitutionalism, secularization, democracy, equality and free markets  [28]  . Citizens from the oppressed nations must therefore be able to distinguish the lies from the truth. Modern day civilization is not just a matter of aping what people want and fighting freedom; it is all about adopting the values that revolutionize society and give them a chance to discover themselves  [29]  . The East especially the Islamic nations has particularly remained cold in adopting the western values more specifically due to the religion factor which is seen as an overtaking of the Muslim religion and culture by the Christian practices and norms  [30]  . For a global village to be achieved there is need for most nations to adopt modernization and play away all difference. On the other hand, it does not mean forgetting their culture but it means retaining it and preserving what is beneficial to the society. Every person needs to given the right to decide his or her own destiny while the state controls the nation in a democratic way. The people should have the freedom to decide in fair elections and be able to exercise their democratic rights  [31]  . It also tends to abolish communism and assert democracy in a society that is oppressed. Conclusion Modernization does not mean aping the law, politics, lifestyles, language, religion, and education systems. But, it entails empowering the societies to decide what they need and want at all times. It involves making their lives easier through revolutions such as industrialization which will make them change from the traditional practices to modern concepts. The west has been viewed as very revolutionary and dynamic in the adoption of new ideas; the east on the other hand has been seen to oppose change. In view of the fact that modernization started in the west does not mean that the east should ape them. The clear separation of modernization from westernization is the only factor that will ensure the societies in the east are not lied to by their leaders. The east can experience better economic, political and social benefits if only they embrace modernization. They should use modernization to ensure the cultural and social values are always preserved within the society. This is the unique character of modernization; it does not strive to change the individual but the means of the individual to live. It is also good since it allows individuals to discover themselves, their strengths and weaknesses which will contribute to better control of the system. The east does not have to worry on adopting the western culture rather what the modernization does to the economic, social and political norms.

The Theme of Loneliness in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frank

  Ã‚   Mary Shelley's Frankenstein examines two phenomena of human nature, scientific curiosity and loneliness; the latter will serve as the focus of this essay. The very manner in which Frankenstein begins, that of the correspondence of an unattached explorer who longs for a companion on his voyage, with no one to write to but his sister, establishes the theme of loneliness immediately. Frankenstein's creation is a complex character whose true motives cannot be determined easily. Although one cannot excuse his actions, they should certainly not be viewed out of context. The creature is exposed to the painful reality of loneliness from the moment of his creation. "I had worked hard for nearly two years," Victor states, "for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body...but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room..." The moment Victor realizes what he has done, he is terrified, and flees. This cycle continues, each time isolating the creature further and further. He yearns constantly for some kind of human contact, but does not receive it because of the way in which Victor created his body. Victor meant for it to be a thing of beauty, but realized first that the gathering of pieces from various cadavers res ulted in an appearance that frightens at first sight. A barrier always exists before the creature, much like the wall that separated him from the cottage of the DeLaceys. The creature is touched by the love of the DeLacey family and feels that he is a part of their family. He wants desperately to be accepted by them, but is aware of how they will react if they se... ...excuse the creature's actions. But we can be more understanding of his situation and try to have some compassion. After all, as the creature said to Walton, "You hate me, but your abhorrence cannot equal that with which I regard myself." Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Mary Shelly's Frankenstein. New York: Chelsea, 1987. Botting, Fred. Making monstrous. Frankenstein, criticism, theory. Manchester University Press, 1991. Boyd, Stephen. York Notes on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Longman York Press, 1992. Mellor, Anne K. Mary Shelley. Her Life, her Fiction, her Monsters. Methuen. New York, London, 1988. Patterson, Arthur Paul. A Frankenstein Study. http://www.watershed.winnipeg.mb.ca/Frankenstein.html Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Edited with an Introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle. Penguin books, 1992   The Theme of Loneliness in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay -- Frank   Ã‚   Mary Shelley's Frankenstein examines two phenomena of human nature, scientific curiosity and loneliness; the latter will serve as the focus of this essay. The very manner in which Frankenstein begins, that of the correspondence of an unattached explorer who longs for a companion on his voyage, with no one to write to but his sister, establishes the theme of loneliness immediately. Frankenstein's creation is a complex character whose true motives cannot be determined easily. Although one cannot excuse his actions, they should certainly not be viewed out of context. The creature is exposed to the painful reality of loneliness from the moment of his creation. "I had worked hard for nearly two years," Victor states, "for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body...but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room..." The moment Victor realizes what he has done, he is terrified, and flees. This cycle continues, each time isolating the creature further and further. He yearns constantly for some kind of human contact, but does not receive it because of the way in which Victor created his body. Victor meant for it to be a thing of beauty, but realized first that the gathering of pieces from various cadavers res ulted in an appearance that frightens at first sight. A barrier always exists before the creature, much like the wall that separated him from the cottage of the DeLaceys. The creature is touched by the love of the DeLacey family and feels that he is a part of their family. He wants desperately to be accepted by them, but is aware of how they will react if they se... ...excuse the creature's actions. But we can be more understanding of his situation and try to have some compassion. After all, as the creature said to Walton, "You hate me, but your abhorrence cannot equal that with which I regard myself." Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Mary Shelly's Frankenstein. New York: Chelsea, 1987. Botting, Fred. Making monstrous. Frankenstein, criticism, theory. Manchester University Press, 1991. Boyd, Stephen. York Notes on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Longman York Press, 1992. Mellor, Anne K. Mary Shelley. Her Life, her Fiction, her Monsters. Methuen. New York, London, 1988. Patterson, Arthur Paul. A Frankenstein Study. http://www.watershed.winnipeg.mb.ca/Frankenstein.html Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Edited with an Introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle. Penguin books, 1992